The Risks of Substance Use During Pregnancy

Substance use during pregnancy presents many risks. Protect your health and that of your baby by understanding the risks associated with using opioids, marijuana, tobacco and alcohol during your pregnancy.

Opioid Use During Pregnancy

The National Opioid Settlement has brought widespread public attention to the fact that addiction to and abuse of opioids often begins with prescription medications but can also begin with illicit sources (street drugs). If you have been prescribed or are currently taking any narcotic medications, inform your healthcare provider that you are pregnant as soon as possible.  Long term studies outline many risks, some quite severe, associated with opioid use during pregnancy. The most common risks of opioid use during pregnancy include:  preterm birth, stillbirth, maternal mortality, and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome or NAS (substance exposed newborns experiencing withdraw symptoms).  Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome increased by 500% between 2000 and 2013.

●       Preterm birth refers to infants born early.  Infants born preterm are more likely to be hospitalized because the baby’s lungs are not fully developed.

●       Stillbirth refers to a baby who dies inside the womb during the final months of pregnancy or who is born with no signs of life.

●       Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) refers to the number of women who die due to pregnancy. The MMR among those suffering with Opioid Use Disorder has increased dramatically in recent years.

●       Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) occurs in newborns who were exposed to any type of addictive substance while in utero (during pregnancy) and then, after birth,  experience withdraw symptoms.

Marijuana

Marijuana use during pregnancy has not been proven safe regardless of how small the amount or frequency of use.  The American Academy of Pediatrics lists a number of harmful side effects of marijuana use during pregnancy, including: increased likelihood of anemia in the mother, increased likelihood of  low birth weight, and decreased nutrients reaching the baby. Every time a pregnant woman ingests or smokes marijuana, her baby receives the same toxins from the drug. Marijuana use during pregnancy is very serious.  Long term studies demonstrate that children exposed to marijuana in the womb are noticeably less able to control their impulses and are less able to problem solve effectively. At ages three to four, children who were exposed to marijuana in utero, may exhibit poor verbal, memory, and motor skills.  These same children may also exhibit inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.

Tobacco and Nicotine

Nicotine consumption, including tobacco use, is harmful during pregnancy. Nicotine use during pregnancy increases the likelihood of many health risks for the infant including:  preterm birth, low birth weight, and birth defects of the mouth and lip. Smoking either during or after pregnancy also significantly increases the chances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Any product containing nicotine, including traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes (vaping), gum, or pouches, are harmful during pregnancy as nicotine can damage a developing baby’s brain and lungs.              

Alcohol

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is harmful to your unborn child. Alcohol use while pregnant can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, and a range of lifelong physical, behavioral, and intellectual disabilities for the child. Significant alcohol consumption by a pregnant woman can cause Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs).  The list of potential damaging side effects that alcohol can have on a developing baby during pregnancy is extensive.

Substance Use During Pregnancy

It is important to understand the risks associated with substance use during pregnancy.   At PSC, our medical team is committed to supporting you throughout your pregnancy journey.  Our team provides vital information and valuable referrals and resources to help you protect your health and safety.

If you have concerns about substance use during your pregnancy, book an appointment with us today. We can talk to you about your options and next steps.